CVERadar
HIGH · CVSS 3.1 7.5Exploit-DBPublic PoCEPSS 61.32% (p99)Threat level 63

CVE-2025-31650: CVE-2025-31650: Improper Input Validation vulnerability in Apache Tomcat. Incorrect error handling for som…

apache · tomcat · NVD published 2025-04-29 · posted 2025-04-30 · last modified 2026-06-17

What it is

Improper Input Validation vulnerability in Apache Tomcat. Incorrect error handling for some invalid HTTP priority headers resulted in incomplete clean-up of the failed request which created a memory leak. A large number of such requests could trigger an OutOfMemoryException resulting in a denial of service. This issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 9.0.76 through 9.0.102, from 10.1.10 through 10.1.39, from 11.0.0-M2 through 11.0.5. The following versions were EOL at the time the CVE was created but are known to be affected: 8.5.90 though 8.5.100. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 9.0.104, 10.1.40 or 11.0.6 which fix the issue.

WeaknessCWE-459
CVSS vectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H (source: [email protected])
ATT&CK tacticsImpact

Exploitation evidence

First exploit evidence seen: 2025-04-30 (earliest date across the sources below).

Exploited in the wild

No source on this site lists in-the-wild exploitation yet (CISA KEV, VulnCheck KEV).

Public exploit code

Exploit-DB

  • EDB-52318: Apache Tomcat 10.1.39 - Denial of Service (DoS) (2025-06-05)

GitHub proof-of-concept repositories

6 public repositories from 6 accounts, first seen 2025-04-30. Most starred: absholi7ly/TomcatKiller-CVE-2025-31650 (21 stars), view repository.

Verify before running: public PoCs can be malicious. Read the code and only run it in an isolated lab. A PoC means exploit code is public, not that this CVE is exploited in the wild.

Sources: Exploit-DB (OffSec) · nomi-sec/PoC-in-GitHub.

Defend the Chain

The attack chain for CVE-2025-31650 laid across the MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise tactics. Solid cards come from the MITRE CTID KEV mappings; dashed cards are inferred by CVERadar from the CWE or description. Correct defences are real ATT&CK mitigations for that technique.

Threat level 63/100
Defender level 1 · 0 XP
Chain links broken: 0/1

Reconnaissance

Resource Development

Initial Access

Execution

Persistence

Privilege Escalation

Stealth

Defense Impairment

Credential Access

Discovery

Lateral Movement

Collection

Command and Control

Exfiltration

Impact

Pick a red technique card on the board, then choose the defence that stops it.

Defend against T1499 Endpoint Denial of Service Inferred

Inferred from description keywords

How to fix it

Fixed versions

  • apache tomcat: upgrade to 9.0.104 or later (affected from 9.0.76)
  • apache tomcat: upgrade to 10.1.40 or later (affected from 10.1.10)
  • apache tomcat: upgrade to 11.0.6 or later (affected from 11.0.1)

Derived from the NVD CPE configuration (versionEndExcluding / versionEndIncluding). Always confirm with the vendor advisory.

Vendor advisories and patches

MITRE ATT&CK mitigations for this chain

  • M1037 Filter Network Traffic (for T1499) : Leverage services provided by Content Delivery Networks (CDN) or providers specializing in DoS mitigations to filter traffic upstream from services. Filter boundary traffic by blocking source addresses sourcing the attack, blocking ports that are being targeted, or blocking protocols being used for transport. To defend

Detection Generic guidance

  • Impact: Monitor service availability, unexpected encryption activity and mass file changes.

Response checklist Generic guidance

  1. Inventory: find every instance of the affected product and version (include internet-facing and forgotten ones).
  2. Patch or mitigate per the vendor advisory; if you cannot patch, remove internet exposure or apply the vendor workaround.
  3. Assume compromise if the system was exposed before patching: hunt for the indicators in the advisory and review logs back to the disclosure date.
  4. Rotate credentials and secrets stored on or used by the affected system if compromise cannot be ruled out.

Sources